promotion of racism or extremist ideologies such as white supremacism, and neo-Nazism.In some places, there is vandalism in the form of graffiti sprayed to promote football teams, especially in derby cities. burning the pitch and placing the emblem of a rival team in the grass.Similar effects can occur when law-abiding crowds try to flee disorder caused by hooligans. disorderly crowd behaviour such as pushing, which may cause stadium fixtures such as fences and walls to collapse.fighting with weapons including sports bats, glass bottles, rocks, rebar, knives, machetes and firearms.throwing of objects at opposing supporters, including stones, bricks, coins, flares, fireworks and Molotov cocktails.throwing of objects on to the pitch, either in an attempt to harm players, fans and officials or as a gesture of insult.use of laser pens to disorient players of the opposing team.taunting, often with racial slurs, ethnic slurs or hate speech.įootball hooliganism involves a wide range of behaviour, including: While national-level firms do not exist in the form of club-level firms, hooligans supporting the national team may use a collective name indicating their allegiance. They may also become involved in disorder involving the general public. Hooligans who have the time and money may follow national teams to away matches and engage in hooligan behaviour against the hooligans of the home team. Hooligan-led violence has been called "aggro" (short for "aggression") and "bovver" (the Cockney pronunciation of "bother", i.e. In extreme cases, hooligans, police, and bystanders have been killed, and riot police have intervened. Participants often select locations away from stadiums to avoid arrest by the police, but conflict can also erupt spontaneously inside the stadium or in the surrounding streets. Certain clubs have long-standing rivalries with other clubs and hooliganism associated with matches between them (sometimes called local derbies) is likely to be more severe.Ĭonflict may take place before, during or after matches. Other English-language terms commonly used in connection with hooligan firms include "army", "boys", "bods", " casuals", and "crew". Football hooliganism normally involves conflict between gangs, in English known as football firms (derived from the British slang for a criminal gang), formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. FC Lokomotive Leipzig fans before their team's encounter with SG Dynamo Schwerin in the East German FDGB-Pokal in 1990įootball hooliganism, also known as soccer hooliganism, football rioting or soccer rioting constitutes violence and other destructive behaviours perpetrated by spectators at association football events. JSTOR ( February 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ġ.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Football hooliganism" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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